健康的な食事がむずかしい人がいるのはなぜか

Why Is It Difficult for Some People to Eat Healthily?

There are people all over the world who find it difficult to eat healthily. This is not simply a matter of personal preference or habit; it is deeply rooted in economic and social structures.

At the root of this problem lies a condition known as “food insecurity.” Food insecurity refers to a situation where people cannot afford or access enough nutritious food to lead a healthy life. According to 2025 data, one in seven households in the UK—approximately 7 million adults and 3 million children—experience food insecurity. This is a serious problem even in developed countries, and similar challenges exist in many nations, including Japan.

Although it may seem contradictory at first glance, food insecurity and obesity are closely linked. Healthy foods—such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains—tend to be expensive because their production, preservation, and transportation incur high costs. On the other hand, junk food has low production costs, a long shelf life, and is readily available at low prices. In low-income households, people may consume enough calories but often lack essential nutrients, which can lead to weight gain and obesity.

Furthermore, the stress caused by food insecurity is a contributing factor to obesity. The anxiety of not knowing when the next meal will come makes people more likely to overeat when food is available. Additionally, people working multiple jobs often lack the time or energy to cook, forcing them to rely on convenient processed foods.

Living environments also have a significant impact. In areas known as “food deserts,” there are no supermarkets nearby that sell fresh vegetables or fruits, leaving residents with little choice but to buy overpriced processed foods. Conversely, in areas known as “food swamps,” fast-food restaurants and convenience stores are densely concentrated, leaving very few healthy food options. These environmental disparities further exacerbate food inequality.

A study conducted by a British research team revealed the reality faced by people struggling with food insecurity and obesity. Many of the participants had a strong desire to eat healthily and went to great lengths to find food at the lowest possible price, such as comparing prices at multiple stores. However, given their limited budgets, they were forced to choose what they could afford rather than what they wanted to eat. This situation also leads to psychological stress and has been reported to cause anxiety and depression.

Furthermore, there is the issue of “stigma.” People who experience social prejudice regarding their weight or financial situation tend to rush through their shopping at supermarkets out of concern for others’ judgment, which ultimately leaves them with no time to select healthy foods.

Individual effort alone has its limits in solving this problem. Researchers, the government, supermarkets, and local residents must collaborate to transform the food system. Specifically, effective policies include subsidies for fresh produce, raising the minimum wage, and expanding free school meal programs. Healthy food must be accessible to everyone.